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Nginx的安装并配置http和https域名，将内网IP映射到公网IP

lin2021-05-25灌水专栏378

Nginx安装˃+安装依赖包：yum-yinstallpcre-developensslopenssl-devel˃+下载Nginix安装包：wget-chttp://teng

Nginx安装

安装依赖包：yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
下载Nginix安装包： wget -c http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
授予压缩包执行权：chmod +x tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
解压压缩包：tar -zxvf tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
进入解压后的文件夹：cd tengine-2.2.0
执行：./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx
编译，在tengine-2.2.0文件夹目录下执行：make
安装，在tengine-2.2.0文件夹目录下执行：make install
Nginx配置http域名，并使访问http强制跳转到https
编辑Nginx的配置文件：vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
在http节点下，添加upstream srmweb节点：
 upstream srmweb {
 dynamic_resolve fallback=stale fail_timeout=30s;
 server 10.111.100.71:8080;
 check interval=3000 rise=2 fall=5 timeout=1000 default_down=true type=http;
 check_http_send "HEAD / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n";
 check_http_expect_alive http_2xx http_3xx;
 session_sticky;
}
在http节点下，添加upstream itfapp节点：
 upstream itfapp {
 dynamic_resolve fallback=stale fail_timeout=30s;
 server 10.111.100.71:8081;
 session_sticky;
}
在server节点中修改需要配置的：server_name srmtest.qdama.cn;
在server节点中添加，访问http的重定向到https：rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
在server节点中添加srm的location节点：
  location / {
  proxy_pass http://srmweb;
  client_max_body_size 50m;
  proxy_http_version 1.1;
  proxy_set_header Host $host;
  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
在server节点中添加itf的location节点：
  location /itf {
  proxy_pass http://itfapp;
  client_max_body_size 50m;
  proxy_http_version 1.1;
  proxy_set_header Host $host;
  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
Nginx配置https域名
编辑Nginx的配置文件：vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
找到最下面的HTTPS server节点，将server节点全部取消注释
修改server节点的配置，如下：
```
  server {
  listen 443 ssl;
  server_name srmtest.qdama.cn;
  ssl_certificate keys/214831783700027.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key keys/214831783700027.key;
  ssl_session_cache shared1m;
  ssl_session_timeout 5m;

    #ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 403 /403.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root html;
    }
    location = /404.html {
        root html;
    }
    location = /403.html {
        root html;
    }
    location ^~ /maintain/ {
            index index.html;
            root html;
    }

在HTTPS server里面添加srmweb的location节点：

    location / {
    proxy_pass http://srmweb;
    client_max_body_size 50m;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
>+ 在HTTPS server里面添加itfapp的location节点：

location /itf {
proxy_pass https://itfapp;
client_max_body_size 50m;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

}

配置完成，启动Nginx，先进入到Nginx的sbin目录下：cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
启动Nginx命令：./nginx -s start
关闭Nginx命令：./nginx -s stop
重启Nginx命令：./nginx -s reload
启动Nginx访问页面进行测试： https://srmtest.qdama.cn/
Nginx附录
该次项目的完整Nginx配置

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

# load modules compiled as Dynamic Shared Object (DSO)
#
#dso {
# load ngx_http_fastcgi_module.so;
# load ngx_http_rewrite_module.so;
#}

http {
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    #access_log logs/access.log main;
    sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;

    #keepalive_timeout 0;
    keepalive_timeout 65;

    upstream srmweb {
       dynamic_resolve fallback=stale fail_timeout=30s;
       server 10.111.100.71:8080;
       check interval=3000 rise=2 fall=5 timeout=1000 default_down=true type=http;
       check_http_send "HEAD / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n";
       check_http_expect_alive http_2xx http_3xx;
       session_sticky;
    }

    upstream itfapp {
       dynamic_resolve fallback=stale fail_timeout=30s;
       server 10.111.100.71:8081;
       session_sticky;
    }

    #gzip on;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name srmtest.qdama.cn;
        rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        error_page 403 /403.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root html;
        }
location = /404.html {
            root html;
        }
        location = /403.html {
            root html;
        }

        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log logs/host.access.log main;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://srmweb;
            client_max_body_size 50m;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        location /itf {
            proxy_pass http://itfapp;
            client_max_body_size 50m;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        #error_page 404 /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        # root html;
        # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        # fastcgi_index index.php;
        # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        # include fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        # deny all;
        #}
        #
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    # listen 8000;
 # listen somename:8080;
    # server_name somename alias another.alias;
    # location / {
    # root html;
    # index index.html index.htm;
    # }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    server {
        listen 443 ssl;
        server_name srmtest.qdama.cn;
        ssl_certificate keys/214831783700027.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key keys/214831783700027.key;
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout 5m;
        #ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        error_page 403 /403.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root html;
        }
        location = /404.html {
            root html;
}
        location = /403.html {
            root html;
        }
        location ^~ /maintain/ {
                index index.html;
                root html;
        }
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://srmweb;
            client_max_body_size 50m;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        location /itf {
            proxy_pass https://itfapp;
            client_max_body_size 50m;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
}

Nginx 文件结构

...              #全局块
events {         #events块
   ...
}

 http      #http块

{
    ...   #http全局块
    server        #server块
    {
        ...       #server全局块
        location [PATTERN]   #location块
        {
            ...
        }
        location [PATTERN] 
        {
            ...
        }
    }
    server
    {
      ...
    }
    ...     #http全局块
}

全局块：配置影响nginx全局的指令。一般有运行nginx服务器的用户组，nginx进程pid存放路径，日志存放路径，配置文件引入，允许生成worker process数等
events块：配置影响nginx服务器或与用户的网络连接。有每个进程的最大连接数，选取哪种事件驱动模型处理连接请求，是否允许同时接受多个网路连接，开启多个网络连接序列化等
http块：可以嵌套多个server，配置代理，缓存，日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置。如文件引入，mime-type定义，日志自定义，是否使用sendfile传输文件，连接超时时间，单连接请求数等
server块：配置虚拟主机的相关参数，一个http中可以有多个server
location块：配置请求的路由，以及各种页面的处理情况。
Nginx配置详解

########### 每个指令必须有分号结束。#################
#user administrator administrators;  #配置用户或者组，默认为nobody nobody。
#worker_processes 2;  #允许生成的进程数，默认为1
#pid /nginx/pid/nginx.pid;   #指定nginx进程运行文件存放地址
error_log log/error.log debug;  #制定日志路径，级别。这个设置可以放入全局块，http块，server块，
级别以此为：debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg
events {
    accept_mutex on;   #设置网路连接序列化，防止惊群现象发生，默认为on
    multi_accept on;  #设置一个进程是否同时接受多个网络连接，默认为off
    #use epoll;      #事件驱动模型，select|poll|kqueue|epoll|resig|/dev/poll|eventport
    worker_connections  1024;    #最大连接数，默认为512
}
http {
    include       mime.types;   #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    default_type  application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型，默认为text/plain
    #access_log off; #取消服务日志    
    log_format myFormat '$remote_addr–$remote_user [$time_local] $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for'; #自定义格式
    access_log log/access.log myFormat;  #combined为日志格式的默认值
    sendfile on;   #允许sendfile方式传输文件，默认为off，可以在http块，server块，location块。
    sendfile_max_chunk 100k;  #每个进程每次调用传输数量不能大于设定的值，默认为0，即不设上限。
    keepalive_timeout 65;  #连接超时时间，默认为75s，可以在http，server，location块。

    upstream mysvr {   
      server 127.0.0.1:7878;
      server 192.168.10.121:3333 backup;  #热备
    }
    error_page 404 https://www.baidu.com; #错误页
    server {
        keepalive_requests 120; #单连接请求上限次数。
        listen       4545;   #监听端口
        server_name  127.0.0.1;   #监听地址       
        location  ~*^.+$ {       #请求的url过滤，正则匹配，~为区分大小写，~*为不区分大小写。
           #root path;  #根目录
           #index vv.txt;  #设置默认页
           proxy_pass  http://mysvr;  #请求转向mysvr 定义的服务器列表
           deny 127.0.0.1;  #拒绝的ip
           allow 172.18.5.54; #允许的ip           
        } 
    }
}

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